(This post and stats are updated at regular intervals - last update was December 2, 2018.) I'm asked often the questions of how many tornadoes I've seen, and how difficult they are to see. I'm a stats/numbers type person, so I thought it would be fun to break the data down into tables. If you just want a quick answer, as of today I've seen 131 tornadoes, and I've averaged seeing a tornado on one out of every four tornado chases. On average, one out of every 5 tornadoes I see is "photogenic" (well-developed with good lighting and contrast). Some years have been better than that, others were worse (some I saw zero tornadoes!). On average, I put in around 10 tornado chase days per year (not including travel days). If you're interested in a more detailed answer than that, read on!
Below are tables breaking down tornado days by region, month, state and year. For the purpose of this data set, I'm not counting my numerous other chases for lightning, flooding, winter storms or general storm structure (those total in the dozens per year). This data also shows the average number of days one must chase to see a tornado in different regions of the USA and at different times of year.
Before I get into the tables, here is how I define the metrics and data categories:
USA Tornado Chase Regions: For the purposes of this post, I'm only highlighting regions where you have multiple realistic chances to see a tornado each year, if you are able to chase when the conditions come together. This map plots what I consider to be the USA's four 'tornado chaseable' regions:
Tornado Chase Days: For the purposes of this data set, I consider a Tornado Chase Day to be one where there was tornado potential, and therefore my chase objective/strategy was tornado-driven. I chase differently depending on what I expect storms to do, that is, I don't count my numerous lightning photography/shelf cloud/flooding chases to be 'tornado chase days' unless tornado potential materializes at some point during the chase. As such, this data more accurately reflects my chase-to-bust ratio when it comes to tornadoes only.
Tornado Days: These are defined as chase days where a tornado is seen, regardless of the number of tornadoes captured on that day.
Success rate: This is the percentage of tornado chase days that result in a tornado day. Again, for this calculation, each tornado day is counted only once, regardless of the number of tornadoes seen on that day.
Photogenic Tornadoes: This is a highly subjective metric, but one that I thought would be useful to include. That is, how much do you have to chase to see a "quality" event? For the purposes here, I define "photogenic" as a tornado that:
has very little rain wrapping (or at least not enough to significantly impact visibility and contrast)
is well-developed, that is, has a more or less "complete" structure with a continuous funnel and/or debris cloud from ground to cloud base
lasts reasonably long enough to capture well-composed images and video, and
occurs during bright daylight hours, resulting in pleasing lighting and contrast.
Annual Averages
Metric
Overall Average
Great Plains Average
Midwest Average
Tornadoes
7.3/year
5.6/year
3.3/year
Photogenic Tornadoes
1.7/year
1.4/year
Every 1.6 years
Tornado Chase Days
11.5/year
6.1/year
10.9/year
Tornado Days
2.9/year
1.8/year
2.2/year
Tornadoes Per Tornado Day
2.5
3.1
1.6
Great Plains averages are calculated beginning in 2001. Midwest averages are calculated beginning in 2010, the year I moved to and began regularly chasing in that region.
Tornadoes by Region - Leader: Great Plains
Region
Tornado Chase Days
Tornado Days
Tornadoes
Photogenic Tornadoes
Success Rate
% Photogenic
Great Plains
109
32
100
25
32.0%
25.0%
Midwest
98
20
31*
5
20.4%
16.1%
South
1
0
0
0
0%
0%
East Coast
2
0
0
0
0%
0%
Total
207
52
131
30
25.1%
23.0%
The Great Plains in the spring is by far the most 'bang for your buck' in terms of the probability that you'll see a tornado on any given chase day. If I'm blessed enough to live a long life and am able to keep chasing, the Midwest tornado numbers will continue to grow in relation the Plains. Overall, it takes twice as many chase days to see a tornado in the Midwest than the Great Plains, but each Midwest chase tends to involve half of the mileage of a typical Great Plains chase. All but 3 of the Midwestern tornadoes I've seen occured less than 2 hours from home! It's also worth noting that chasing in Missouri (see the state-by-state table below) has really hurt the Midwest success rate. If not for Missouri, the Midwest rate would be very close to that of the Plains.
*30 of the 31 Midwest tornadoes were captured since 2010 (after I moved to the St. Louis metro area), and 25 of those 31 were captured in the state of Illinois.
Tornadoes by Month - Leader: May
Month
Tornado Chase Days
Tornado Days
Tornadoes
Photogenic Tornadoes
Success Rate
% Photogenic
January
2
0
0
0
0%
0%
February
4
2
3
1
50%
33.3%
March
6
0
0
0
0%
0%
April
37
5
17
4
13.5%
23.5%
May
82
27
64
15
32.9%
23.4%
June
28
13
32
7
46.4%
21.9%
July
7
3
5
0
42.9%
0%
August
1
0
0
0
0%
0%
September
3
2
2
1
66.7%
50%
October
3
1
1
0
33.3%
0%
November
4
1
1
0
25.0%
0%
December
3
1
4
2
33.3%
50%
Of course, spring is the dominant season for severe storms, with May predictably on top for total tornadoes and the most photogenic tornadoes. Of note is the fact that I have had at least one tornado chase day in every month of the year. This is thanks to living in the Midwest, where many events are scattered throughout the entire year. All of my top 5 tornado intercepts have occurred in May.
Tornadoes by State - Leader: Kansas
State
Tornado Chase Days
Tornado Days
Tornadoes
Photogenic Tornadoes
Success Rate
% Photogenic
Kansas
25
11
42
13
44.0%
31.0%
Oklahoma
39
8
25
5
20.5%
20.0%
Illinois
49
16
25
4
32.7%
16%
Texas
15
5
12
2
33.3%
16.7%
Nebraska
10
5
7
2
50%
28.6%
Colorado
5
3
7
3
60.0%
42.9%
Missouri
32
4
6
0
12.5%
0%
Wyoming
1
1
2
0
100%
0%
Iowa
3
1
1
0
33.3%
0%
South Dakota
2
1
1
0
50.0%
0%
Kentucky
7
0
0
0
0%
0%
Indiana
4
0
0
0
0%
0%
Ohio
2
0
0
0
0%
0%
Tennessee
2
0
0
0
0%
0%
Arkansas
2
0
0
0
0%
0%
North Carolina
2
0
0
0
0%
0%
Alabama
1
0
0
0
0%
0%
North Dakota
1
0
0
0
0%
0%
The leader in this category is no surprise: Kansas is the best state to chase in with the greatest number of tornadoes, most photogenic tornadoes and best overall success rate. But on this list, Illinois is catching up - in 2018, IL joined Oklahoma in a tie for second place for total sightings.
Also of note here is the surprising difficulty I've had seeing tornadoes in Missouri, despite a high number of chase days there (ranked number 3 in that category!). Part of this is due to the road network and terrain, but it's mostly because storms over there have simply not been very productive like they have in the states on either side. In fact, Missouri alone is really skewing my Midwest chase stats. I have a nearly equal success rate chasing in Illinois as I do in all of the Great Plains.
Tornadoes by Year - Leader: 2016
Year
Tornado Chase Days
Tornado Days
Tornadoes
Photogenic Tornadoes
Success Rate
% Photogenic
2001
4
0
0
0
0%
0%
2002
5
0
0
0
0%
0%
2003
10
0
0
0
0%
0%
2004
13
6
12
4
46.2%
33.3%
2005
8
3
14
2
37.5%
14.3%
2006
6
1
1
0
16.7%
0%
2007
6
3
15
0
50%
0%
2008
6
2
4
0
33.3%
0%
2009
7
0
0
0
0%
0%
2010
15
3
6
0
20%
0%
2011
10
2
2
1
20%
50%
2012
12
3
11
5
25%
45.5%
2013
22
6
12
4
27.3%
33.3%
2014
10
6
10
1
60.0%
10%
2015
14
4
6
0
28.6%
0%
2016
11
4
17
5
36.4%
29.4%
2017
11
5
9
4
45.5%
44.4%
2018
15
4
11
3
26.7%
27.2%
This table only goes back to 2001, since that was the first year I expanded from just chasing lightning to chasing tornadoes and supercells. Prior to that, I was chasing strictly for lightning photography. 2007 held the top tornado spot for a long time, but was finally bumped to #2 by the 2016 season. I had more tornado chase days (Plains and Midwest combined) in 2013 than I have in any other year in the past.
I'd be interested to hear if your tornado day to tornado chase day rates are similar to mine. Feel free to post your numbers!
Post a Comment
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The following comments were posted before this site switched to a new comment system on August 27, 2016:
Wow! Great stats. My last 3 years as follows:
Chase Days. Tornado Days. Tornadoes. Success
2011. 5. 1. 3. 20%
2012. 1. 0. 0. 0%
2013. 7. 5. 8. 62.5% - Posted by Clarence from Nashville, Tn
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